DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN REGISTER AND DIALECT
Register has defined by
different scholars as follows:
Halliday (1978 P 111),
explained that a register can be defined as configuration of semantic resource
that a member of a culture typically associated with a situation type, he also
explained that register reflects the need of explain variation according to
use.
Therefore
register can be defined as many style variation according to use, it determined
by variety of a factors including social occasion, context, purpose and audience.
For example register can be the language
of scientific, religion, regal and commercial, but dialect has defined by
scholar as follows:
Crystal (1997) &
Vaillet N and Steward Jr (2001). Explained that, a dialect is a variation of a
language that distinguish from other variety of the same language by its pronunciation,
grammar, vocabulary, discourse conventions and other linguistic features.
Preston,
(1993). A dialect is a frequently used to refers to the language used by the
peoples from a particular geographical or social group or to mean substandard
variety of a language.
Generally,
dialect refers to the features of grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation that
distinguish from other features or variety of the same language in a particular
geographical or social group. The types of dialect includes: idiolect,
sociolect and regional dialect. Examples of dialect are: prakrit and pali in
Ancient India, cockney in London, georide and scouse are prominent dialects
spoken in England.
Status: dialect
covered a general geographical area that a user are regarded themselves as a
member of the same culture in which the user shared the same language. It can
be idiolect, socolect and regional dialect. While
register covered a small area that can be within a community in a specific
area or location. For example in hospital, hotels, court and school. The use of
language in this areas is differ from each other. Sometime other people cannot
understand if they do not belong to such group of a specific areas or
occupation.
Determination of a speaker:
a dialect determine the situation of a speaker’s background /the origin of a
speaker. For example we can distinguish an American and British by looking
their grammatical differences, pronunciation and vocabulary. i.e in grammar,
American says “ I done it yesterday” but British says ‘I did it yesterday’ While register determine a situation of
the speaker is, that can be doctor, engineer, teacher, nurse, judge and lawyer
by looking their language use.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIALECT
AND LANGUAGE.
Crystal (1997) &
Vaillet N. and Steward Jr (2001). Explained that, a dialect is a variation of a
language that distinguish from other variety of the same language by its
pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary
Preston, (1993). A dialect is a frequently
used to refers to the language used by the peoples from a particular
geographical or social group or to mean substandard variety of a language
Generally,
dialect refers to the features of grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation that
distinguish from other features or variety of the same language in a particular
geographical or social group. The types of dialect includes: idiolect,
sociolect and regional dialect. Examples of dialect are: prakrit and pali in
Ancient India, cockney in London, georide and scouse are prominent dialects
spoken in England, but Language has defined as follows:
Advanced Leaners
Dictionary ( 6th ed.) defined language
as system of convectional spoken, manual or written symbols by means of which
human being as members of social group and participant in its culture express
themselves. Language is a system of communication consisting of sounds, words,
grammar and sentences.
Therefore
language refers to the system of
vocal symbols arbitrary which used in human communication in fact of being
accepted in a communities for deference communication purpose. For examples,
English language, Swahili language, chines language and Indian language.
Difference
in intelligibility: dialect is mutual intelligibility due
to the fact that the speaker of the same language are understood to each other
in term of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary because are regarded as the user of the same
language while language is mutual unintelligible
in term of pronunciation, grammar and
vocabulary. For example, Swahili language and English language are acquit
different and it is very hard for the speaker to understand to each other.
Difference
in geographical expansion: this means that dialect covered
small and confined area, however the user of the same language in a society or
community are the main user of such dialect. For example cockney in London
covered only such area while in an ancient India, prakrit and pali are covered
an area in India. While language
covered a large geographical expansion, due to the factor that dialect is
within the language of the same speaker. For example English language forms two
dialects such as American dialect and British English dialect which originated
from the same language.
Different
in status: dialect is not used in official matter unless has
been standardized because it seemed to be local language. For example it is
very difficult to use cockney as an official language if it has not been
standardized. But language is used in
official matter, for example in mass media like newspapers and radio like BBC,
national congress, school issues and other official matters. For instance
English has high status in the world wide because it has large number of
speakers compered to dialect.
Different
in functionality: dialect has few functions such as to
be used as identification of an individual origin, social stratification and also can be used in addition of some
vocabulary in a language, while
language has many functions including communication, national identity,
unification, social stratification, official language for a nation and also can
be used in entertainments.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
ACCENT AND DIALECT.
Crystal (1997) & Vaillet N and Steward Accent
defined by scholars as follows:Peter Roach (2000), Accent may refers to
prominence given to a syllable, usually by use of pitch, for example in the
word potato the middle syllable is most prominent.
Therefore
an accent refers to the variety of a language that characterized by peculiar
pronunciation that based on particular region or nation. For example: middle
land England English accent, southern English accent, Yorkshire accent, cockney
accent and western country accent, but dialect explained as follows:
Crystal (1997) &
Vaillet N and Steward Jr (2001). Explained that, a dialect is a variation of a
language that distinguish from other variety of the same language by its
pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, discourse conventions and other linguistic
features.
Preston,
(1993). A dialect is a frequently used to refers to the language used by the
peoples from a particular geographical or social group or to mean substandard
variety of a language.
Generally,
dialect refers to the features of grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation that
distinguish from other features or variety of the same language in a particular
geographical or social group. The types of dialect includes: idiolect,
sociolect and regional dialect. Examples of dialect are: prakrit and pali in
Ancient India, cockney in London, georide and scouse are prominent dialects
spoken in England.
Determination of the user:
accent is a language variation of the user which determined by pronunciation
only. For example word/ bird/ water in British and American English accent are
pronounced differently. While dialect
is a language variation that determined by the combination of all levels of a
language in term of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary used by the user of
the same language.
Different in status:
dialect has high status since it is characterized with the user of different
community such as society and region that are regarded as the user of the same
language, while accent are most
characterized by the pronunciation of an individual that shows the background
of the speaker.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
STYLE AND DIALECT:
Style
has been defined by different scholars as follows:
Bloch
(1953 p.42) defined style as the massage carried by the frequency distribution
and transition probabilities of a linguistic features especially as they differ
from those of the same feature.
Crystal
& Davy (1969, P.9-10). Style may refers to some all of the language habit
shared by a group of people at one time or over period of time.
Therefore
style is the speaker’s or writer’s
peculiarly from one’s deliberate choice from a wind make differ from other
people, but dialect has explained as follow:
Crystal (1997) &
Vaillet N and Steward Jr (2001). Explained that, a dialect is a variation of a
language that distinguish from other variety of the same language by its
pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, discourse conventions and other linguistic
features.
Preston,
(1993). A dialect is a frequently used to refers to the language used by the
peoples from a particular geographical or social group or to mean substandard
variety of a language.
Generally, dialect refers
to the features of grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation that distinguish from
other features or variety of the same language in a particular geographical or
social group. The types of dialect includes: idiolect, sociolect and regional
dialect. Examples of dialect are: prakrit and pali in Ancient India, cockney in
London, georide and scouse are prominent dialects spoken in England.
Dialects
is inherently one’s peculiarity emanating from one’s background aspect like
ethnic group, geographical area, social class, gender and extra, which is
not matter of choice rather inherently one’s behavior, while style is an individual
characteristics of language used by a person’s deliberate distinctive language
habit but not inherited through someone
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